Which condition is associated with a higher risk of adverse effects from anticholinergic medications?

The condition associated with a higher risk of adverse effects from anticholinergic medications is glaucoma. Anticholinergic medications can increase intraocular pressure, which is particularly concerning for individuals with glaucoma. This class of drugs works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, leading to pupil dilation and decreased outflow of aqueous humor, exacerbating the condition. In glaucoma, especially in the angle-closure type, any increase in intraocular pressure can lead to significant complications, including vision loss.

While asthma, hypertension, and diabetes can also have various interactions with medications, they do not inherently carry the same heightened risk for adverse effects specifically due to anticholinergic properties. For asthma, the concern would be more about mucous membrane secretions, hypertension does not directly relate to cholinergic activity, and while some anticholinergic medications may affect diabetes management, they do not specifically contribute to an increased risk of adverse effects linked directly to the condition itself like they do in glaucoma. Thus, the link between anticholinergic medications and the risks associated with glaucoma makes it the most relevant answer in this context.