Which conditions are associated with diastolic murmurs?

Diastolic murmurs occur during the filling phase of the heart and are typically associated with conditions that cause turbulent blood flow in the heart during this phase. In the case of mitral stenosis, there is a narrowing of the mitral valve which impedes blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole, leading to a characteristic "opening snap" followed by a rumbling murmur. This increased pressure in the left atrium, coupled with the resistance to flow, creates the audible diastolic murmur.

Aortic regurgitation also produces a diastolic murmur. In this condition, the aortic valve fails to close properly during diastole, allowing blood to flow back from the aorta into the left ventricle. The turbulence that results from the backflow creates a distinctive diastolic murmur, typically described as a high-pitched or blowing sound.

The option that identifies mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation as conditions associated with diastolic murmurs accurately reflects these pathophysiological mechanisms.